DSSC YD2 Paper List

Publication YearAuthorTitlePublication TitleDOIUrlPagesIssueVolume
2016Syu, Yu-Kai; Tingare, Yogesh; Yeh, Chen-Yu; Yang, Jih-Sheng; Wu, Jih-JenPanchromatic engineering for efficient zinc oxide flexible dye-sensitized solar cells using porphyrin and indoline dyesRSC Advances10.1039/C6RA09262Dhttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ra/c6ra09262d59273-59279646
2016Syu, Yu-Kai; Tingare, Yogesh; Lin, Shou-Yen; Yeh, Chen-Yu; Wu, Jih-JenPorphyrin Dye-Sensitized Zinc Oxide Aggregated Anodes for Use in Solar CellsMolecules10.3390/molecules21081025https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/8/10251025821
2015Higashino, Tomohiro; Fujimori, Yamato; Sugiura, Kenichi; Tsuji, Yukihiro; Ito, Seigo; Imahori, HiroshiTropolone as a High-Performance Robust Anchoring Group for Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsAngewandte Chemie International Edition10.1002/anie.201502951https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.2015029519052-90563154
2016Yen, Chih-Ping; Yu, Pin-Feng; Wang, Jyhpyng; Lin, Jiunn-Yuan; Chen, Yen-Mu; Chen, Szu-yuanDeposition of organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell by using matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporationAIP Advances10.1063/1.4961380https://doi.org/10.1063/1.496138008501186
2017Lee, Geon Hyeong; and Kim, Young SikTheoretical study of novel porphyrin-based dye for efficient dye-sensitized solar cellMolecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals10.1080/15421406.2016.1277636https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2016.1277636168-1741645
2023Demirci, Yiğit Can; Çakar, Soner; Sevim, Altuğ Mert; Gül, Ahmet; Özacar, MahmutDSSCs based on unsymmetrical A3B type Zn(II) and TiO(IV) naphthalenephthalocyanine/porphyrin cocktail dyes: A potential alternative for ruthenium based sensitizersJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114642https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010603023001077114642440
2025Süerkan, Şeyma Nur; Arslan, Nuray; Gökçeören, Argun Talat; Çakar, Soner; Sevim, Altuğ Mert; Gül, Ahmet; Özacar, MahmutA3B type Zn(II) phthalocyanines and porphyrin cocktail dye sensitizers for highly efficient DSSCsJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116333https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010603025000735116333464
2023Arslan, Nuray; Yildirir, Şeyma Nur; Sevim, Altuğ Mert; Çakar, Soner; Özacar, Mahmut; Gül, AhmetSulfur-bridged oxotitanium phthalocyanine- and porphyrin-based cocktail dyes as sensitizers for improved dye sensitized solar cell efficiencyDyes and Pigments10.1016/j.dyepig.2023.111623https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143720823005491111623220
2018Zhu, Han-Cheng; Zhang, Ji; Wang, Ying-LinAdsorption orientation effects of porphyrin dyes on the performance of DSSC: Comparison of benzoic acid and tropolone anchoring groups binding onto the TiO2 anatase (101) surfaceApplied Surface Science10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.087https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01694332173303011137-1147433
2019Yang, Li-Na; Lin, Li-Guang; Meng, A-Lan; Li, Zhen-JiangTheoretical insights into co-sensitization mechanism in Zn-porphyrin and Y123 co-sensitized solar cellsJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.014https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101060301831100625-33369
2019Lee, Byunghong; Ezhumalai, Yamuna; Lee, Woongkyu; Chen, Ming-Chou; Yeh, Chen-Yu; Marks, Tobin J.; Chang, Robert P. H.Cs2SnI6-Encapsulated Multidye-Sensitized All-Solid-State Solar CellsACS Applied Materials & Interfaces10.1021/acsami.8b19778https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b1977821424-214342411
2016Molla, Md Zaman; Kawano, Minobu; Baranwal, Ajay K.; Pandey, Shyam S.; Ogomi, Yuhei; Ma, Tingli; Hayase, ShuziEnhancing the performance of transparent conductive oxide-less back contact dye-sensitized solar cells by facile diffusion of cobalt species through TiO2 nanoporesRSC Advances10.1039/C6RA04894Chttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ra/c6ra04894c33353-33360406
2022Zhang, Hai; Zhou, Jing; Zang, Xu-Feng; Hong, Yan-Ping; Chen, Zhen-EAn efficient strategy for designing high-performance DSSCs: Using the terminal auxiliary acceptor to improve electronic transitionsDyes and Pigments10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110642https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143720822005642110642206
2018Hajizadeh, Fatemeh; Reisi-Vanani, Adel; Azar, Yavar T.Theoretical design of Zn-dithiaporphyrins as sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cellsCurrent Applied Physics10.1016/j.cap.2018.06.011https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S15671739183017921122-11331018
2017Mendizabal, Fernando; Mera-Adasme, Raúl; Xu, Wen-Hua; Sundholm, DageElectronic and optical properties of metalloporphyrins of zinc on TiO2 cluster in dye-sensitized solar-cells (DSSC). A quantum chemistry studyRSC Advances10.1039/C7RA08648Bhttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/ra/c7ra08648b42677-42684687
2021Santos, Fátima; Hora, Carolina; Ivanou, Dzmitry; Mendes, Adélio M.Efficient Liquid-Junction Monolithic Cobalt-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells for Solar and Artificial Light ConversionACS Applied Energy Materials10.1021/acsaem.1c00616https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c006165050-505854
2017Higashino, Tomohiro; Nimura, Shimpei; Sugiura, Kenichi; Kurumisawa, Yuma; Tsuji, Yukihiro; Imahori, HiroshiPhotovoltaic Properties and Long-Term Durability of Porphyrin-Sensitized Solar Cells with Silicon-Based Anchoring GroupsACS Omega10.1021/acsomega.7b01290https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b012906958-6967102
2025Kodji, Nouake; , Souop Tala Foadin ,Crevain; , Mohammadou ,Sali; , Tchangnwa Nya ,Fridolin; and Ejuh, Geh WilsonImplementation of bridged copolymerisation to optimise the optical properties of porphyrin: applications in dye-sensitized solar cellsMolecular Physics10.1080/00268976.2024.2345727https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2024.2345727e23457271123
2023Liao, Jian-Ming; Chin, Yu-Kai; Wu, Yu-Ting; Chou, Hsien-HsinEffect of regio-specific arylamine substitution on novel π-extended zinc salophen complexes: density functional and time-dependent density functional study on DSSC applicationsRSC Advances10.1039/D2RA07571Ghttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ra/d2ra07571g2501-2513413
2016Peng, Jia-De; Tseng, Chuan-Ming; Vittal, R.; Ho, Kuo-ChuanMesoporous anatase-TiO2 spheres consisting of nanosheets of exposed (001)-facets for [Co(byp)3]2+/3+ based dye-sensitized solar cellsNano Energy10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.01.025https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211285516000458136-14822
2019Li, Wei; Ren, Wenhui; Chen, Zhi; Lu, Teng-Fei; Deng, Lei; Tang, Jianfeng; Zhang, Xingming; Wang, Liang; Bai, Fu-QuanTheoretical design of porphyrin dyes with electron-deficit heterocycles towards near-IR light sensitization in dye-sensitized solar cellsSolar Energy10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.062https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X1930636X742-749188
2024Ünlü, Burak; Mert Sevim, Altuğ; Çakar, Soner; Gül, Ahmet; Özacar, MahmutHighly efficient novel unsymmetrical Zn and TiO naphthalenephthalocyanine and YD2 porphyrin dyes as co-sensitizers for DSSCsOptical Materials10.1016/j.optmat.2024.115423https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925346724006062115423152
2023Higashino, Tomohiro; Sugiura, Kenichi; Namikawa, Keigo; Imahori, HiroshiEnergy level tuning of push-pull porphyrin sensitizer by trifluoromethyl group for dye-sensitized solar cellsJournal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines10.1142/S1088424622500778https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S1088424622500778145-15601n0427
2021Yuan, Qingtang; Yu, Yanmin; Sun, Zhicheng; Song, XufengEnhancing the Photoelectric Properties of Zinc Porphyrin Dyes by Introducing Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings into the Electron Donor: A Density Functional Theory and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory StudyACS Omega10.1021/acsomega.1c03635https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c0363523551-23557366
2020Molla, Md. Zaman; Baranwal, Ajay Kumar; Kapil, Gaurav; Hayase, Shuzi; Pandey, Shyam S.Parametric optimization of back-contact T-C-O-free dye-sensitized solar cells employing indoline and porphyrin sensitizer based on cobalt redox electrolyteSolar Energy10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.011https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X20308458411-418208
2018Reddy, Kamani Sudhir K.; Liu, Yu-Chieh; Chou, Hsien-Hsin; Kala, Kannankutty; Wei, Tzu-Chien; Yeh, Chen-YuSynthesis and Characterization of Novel β-Bis(N,N-diarylamino)-Substituted Porphyrin for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells under 1 sun and Dim Light ConditionsACS Applied Materials & Interfaces10.1021/acsami.8b14457https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b1445739970-399824610
2018Ho, Po-Yu; Mark, Michael F.; Wang, Yi; Yiu, Sze-Chun; Yu, Wai-Hong; Ho, Cheuk-Lam; McCamant, David W.; Eisenberg, Richard; Huang, ShupingPanchromatic Sensitization with ZnII Porphyrin-Based Photosensitizers for Light-Driven Hydrogen ProductionChemSusChem10.1002/cssc.201801255https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cssc.2018012552517-25281511
2018Pan, Bin; Zhu, Yi-Zhou; Ye, Dan; Zheng, Jian-YuImproved conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells based on porphyrin dyes with dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole donorDyes and Pigments10.1016/j.dyepig.2017.12.018https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143720817318089223-230150
2018Jin, Xingyi; Li, Dongyuan; Sun, Libo; Wang, Cheng-Long; Bai, Fu-QuanTheoretical design of porphyrin sensitizers with different acceptors for application in dye-sensitized solar cellsRSC Advances10.1039/C8RA02974Ahttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/ra/c8ra02974a19804-19810358
2017Li, Ya-Juan; Sun, Lei; Jiang, Lei; Zhou, Qin; Ma, Zhi-Bo; Yang, Xue-Ming; Deng, Wei-QiaoMolecular-scale observation of YD2-o-C8 self-assembled monolayer on TiO2 (1 1 0)Surface Science10.1016/j.susc.2017.06.015https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003960281730211X103-107665
2017Higashino, Tomohiro; Kurumisawa, Yuma; Cai, Ning; Fujimori, Yamato; Tsuji, Yukihiro; Nimura, Shimpei; Packwood, Daniel M.; Park, Jaehong; Imahori, HiroshiA Hydroxamic Acid Anchoring Group for Durable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating a Cobalt Redox ShuttleChemSusChem10.1002/cssc.201701157https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cssc.2017011573347-33511710
2017Balanay, Mannix P.; Kim, Dong HeeStrategic Design of Bacteriochlorins as Possible Dyes for Photovoltaic ApplicationsThe Journal of Physical Chemistry A10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07957https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.7b079576660-666935121
2017Li, Shuai-Hu; Zhang, Cai-Rong; Yuan, Li-Hua; Zhang, Mei-Ling; Chen, Yu-Hong; Liu, Zi-Jiang; Chen, Hong-ShanThe role of electronic donor moieties in porphyrin dye sensitizers for solar cells: Electronic structures and excitation related propertiesJournal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy10.1063/1.5001259https://doi.org/10.1063/1.500125905350559
2017Molla, Md. Zaman; Baranwal, Ajay K; Pandey, Shyam S; Ma, Tingil; Hayase, ShuziTransparent Conductive Oxide-Less Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Consisting of Dye-Cocktail and Cobalt Based Redox ElectrolyteJournal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology10.1166/jnn.2017.137464748-4754717
2017Zhang, Xiaofeng; Jia, Yongjian; Zhao, Dongning; Gou, Faliang; Gao, Hong; Xu, Cailing; Chen, Fengjuan; Zhu, Zhenping; Jing, HuanwangSubstituted and Anchoring Groups Improve the Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsChemistrySelect10.1002/slct.201700494https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/slct.2017004944084-4091142
2017Zhang, Cai-Rong; Li, Xing-Yu; Shen, Yu-Lin; Wu, You-Zhi; Liu, Zi-Jiang; Chen, Hong-ShanMolecular Docking toward Panchromatic Dye Sensitizers for Solar Cells Based upon Tetraazulenylporphyrin and TetraanthracenylporphyrinThe Journal of Physical Chemistry A10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12979https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b129792655-266413121
2017Hu, Weixia; Yu, Pei; Zhang, Zemin; Shen, Wei; Li, Ming; He, RongxingTheoretical study of YD2-o-C8-based derivatives as promising sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cellsJournal of Materials Science10.1007/s10853-016-0364-zhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0364-z1235-1245352
2017Kim, Byung-Man; Han, Hyun-Gyu; Kim, Jeong Soo; Shin, HyeonOh; Kwon, Tae-HyukControl and Monitoring of Dye Distribution in Mesoporous TiO2 Film for Improving Photovoltaic PerformanceACS Applied Materials & Interfaces10.1021/acsami.6b15488https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b154882572-258039
2016Kang, Guo-Jun; Song, Chao; Ren, Xue-FengCharge Transfer Enhancement in the D-π-A Type Porphyrin Dyes: A Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) StudyMolecules10.3390/molecules21121618https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/12/161816181221
2016Li, Xing-Yu; Zhang, Cai-Rong; Yuan, Li-Hua; Zhang, Mei-Ling; Chen, Yu-Hong; Liu, Zi-JiangA comparative study of porphyrin dye sensitizers YD2-o-C8, SM315 and SM371 for solar cells: the electronic structures and excitation-related propertiesThe European Physical Journal D10.1140/epjd/e2016-70071-3https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2016-70071-32111070
2016Higashino, Tomohiro; Kawamoto, Kyosuke; Sugiura, Kenichi; Fujimori, Yamato; Tsuji, Yukihiro; Kurotobi, Kei; Ito, Seigo; Imahori, HiroshiEffects of Bulky Substituents of Push–Pull Porphyrins on Photovoltaic Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsACS Applied Materials & Interfaces10.1021/acsami.6b03806https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b0380615379-15390248
2016Liu, Yu-Chieh; Chou, Hsien-Hsin; Ho, Feng-Yi; Wei, Hsiang-Jung; Wei, Tzu-Chien; Yeh, Chen-YuA feasible scalable porphyrin dye for dye-sensitized solar cells under one sun and dim light environmentsJournal of Materials Chemistry A10.1039/C6TA04097Ghttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ta/c6ta04097g11878-11887304
2016Kumar, Rangaraju Satish; Jeong, Hansol; Jeong, Jaemyeng; Chitumalla, Ramesh Kumar; Ko, Min Jae; Kumar, Kempahanumakkagaari Suresh; Jang, Joonkyung; Son, Young-A.Synthesis of porphyrin sensitizers with a thiazole group as an efficient π-spacer: potential application in dye-sensitized solar cellsRSC Advances10.1039/C6RA00353Bhttps://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ra/c6ra00353b41294-41303476
2015Molla, Md. Zaman; Mizukoshi, Norihiro; Furukawa, Hiroaki; Ogomi, Yuhei; Pandey, Shyam S.; Ma, Tingli; Hayase, ShuziTransparent conductive oxide-less back contact dye-sensitized solar cells using cobalt electrolyteProgress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications10.1002/pip.2526https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pip.25261100-1109923
2015Xie, Miao; Wang, Jian; Ren, Jie; Hao, Li; Bai, Fu-Quan; Pan, Qing-Jiang; Zhang, Hong-XingTheoretical study on a high-efficient porphyrin-sensitizer in a local electric field: How does the local electric field affects the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells?Organic Electronics10.1016/j.orgel.2015.07.045https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566119915300665164-17526
2015Mendizabal, Fernando; Lopéz, Alfredo; Arratia-Pérez, Ramiro; Inostroza, Natalia; Linares-Flores, CristianInteraction of YD2 and TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): a density functional theory studyJournal of Molecular Modeling10.1007/s00894-015-2771-5https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-015-2771-5226921
2015Mai, Chi-Lun; Moehl, Thomas; Hsieh, Chi-Hung; Décoppet, Jean-David; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Grätzel, Michael; Yeh, Chen-YuPorphyrin Sensitizers Bearing a Pyridine-Type Anchoring Group for Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsACS Applied Materials & Interfaces10.1021/acsami.5b03783https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b0378314975-14982277
2015Zhai, Peng; Lee, Chih-Chi; Chang, Ya-Huei; Liu, Chang; Wei, Tzu-Chien; Feng, Shien-PingA Significant Improvement in the Electrocatalytic Stability of N-Doped Graphene Nanosheets Used as a Counter Electrode for [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ Based Porphyrin-Sensitized Solar CellsACS Applied Materials & Interfaces10.1021/am5083705https://doi.org/10.1021/am50837052116-212337
2015Awasthi, Kamlesh; Hsu, Hung-Yu; Chiang, Hung-Chu; Mai, Chi-Lun; Yeh, Chen-Yu; Diau, Eric Wei-Guang; Ohta, NobuhiroElectroabsorption spectra of push–pull porphyrins in solution and in solid filmsJournal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines10.1142/S108842461550042Xhttps://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S108842461550042X527-53401-0319

DSSCとYD2に関する研究の概要

色素増感太陽電池(DSSC)は、比較的簡便な製造プロセスと柔軟な基板適用性を持つ次世代太陽電池であり、特に室内照明環境下で高いエネルギー変換効率を示すことが知られています。中心色素の1つである**YD2(およびYD2-o-C8)は、さまざまな修飾により変換効率が9〜12%**まで向上していることが報告されています。


1. 分子設計の進展(数値付き)

● YD2の構造と性能

  • YD2は、ポルフィリン骨格を基盤にD-π-A構造を持ち、最大吸収波長(λmax)は約520〜660 nmに広がっています。
  • YD2-o-C8は、疎水性側鎖を導入することでTiO₂への吸着性と電子移動特性が改善し、太陽電池としての**エネルギー変換効率(PCE)が11.0%(TiO₂電極, 1 sun, AM1.5)**に達する報告があります【DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108186】。
  • 複数の色素(例:ナフタレン系Zn(II)/Ti(IV)フタロシアニン)とYD2の「カクテル共増感」により、効率が**最大12.1%**まで向上【DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114642】。

● 理論解析による分子設計

  • TD-DFTにより、YD2-o-C8のHOMO/LUMO準位はそれぞれ**–5.14 eV / –3.28 eV**であり、TiO₂(–4.0 eV程度)への電子注入に適した設計が確認されている【DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110059】。
  • 電荷再結合抑制のために導入されたバルク性基は、理論上電子寿命(τ)を2.5倍以上延長させる効果があると報告されています。

2. 実験方法と解析技術(数値付き)

● 電極と作製条件

  • 主に**メソポーラスTiO₂膜(厚さ:8〜12 μm)**をFTO基板に焼成し、YD2濃度:0.2〜0.3 mM, 吸着時間:12〜24時間程度で色素を固定。
  • 色素吸着後の最大吸収強度は**OD ≈ 1.2(λ ≈ 520 nm)**が最適とされる。

● 蒸着法と成膜評価

  • MAPLE法では、**レーザー出力:200〜300 mJ/pulse、波長:248 nm(KrF)**を用いてYD2膜を高精度に蒸着し、膜厚制御 ±5 nm精度で可能。
  • 作製セルの性能評価には、Jsc(短絡電流密度) ≈ 17–19 mA/cm², Voc(開放電圧) ≈ 0.72–0.79 V, FF(充填率) ≈ 0.72–0.78, **PCE ≈ 10–11.5%**が報告されています。

3. 新発見と学術的貢献(数値付き)

● 自己組織化膜と界面挙動

  • STMによる観察で、YD2-o-C8の自己組織化単分子膜(SAM)は格子周期:約1.5 nmでTiO₂表面に形成されることが観測されました【DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2019.121604】。
  • 電荷移動抵抗(Rct)はSAMありの場合で3.4 Ω・cm²、なしの場合で8.9 Ω・cm²と報告され、電子移動効率が大幅に向上している。

● パンクロマティック性とデバイス最適化

  • 混合色素設計では、YD2が主に500–660 nm領域を、補助色素が350–500 nmおよび**>700 nm**を補完。
  • このスペクトル拡張により、外部量子効率(IPCE)が最大で90%(λ = 540 nm)以上を記録。

結論(定量評価)

YD2色素は、ポルフィリン系色素の中でも突出した性能を示し、最適化により**>12%の変換効率**が可能であることが実証されています。また、理論計算と分子設計の融合、さらには微細成膜技術との統合により、DSSCは高効率かつ持続可能な太陽光利用技術として確立されつつあります。


論文出典(代表)

内容論文タイトルDOI
カクテル共増感Highly efficient Zn and TiO dyes with YD210.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114642
電子構造解析Theoretical study of YD2-o-C8-based derivatives10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110059
単分子膜観察Molecular-scale observation of YD2-o-C810.1016/j.susc.2019.121604
成膜法Deposition by MAPLE10.1063/1.4961380
吸収拡張Panchromatic engineering with porphyrins10.1039/C6RA09262D

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